TOPIK 1Tenses
-았/었/였
Past Tense -았/었/였
Indicates completed actions in the past
Description
The past tense is formed by adding -았/었/였 to the verb stem. Use -았 after ㅏ/ㅗ vowels, -었 for others, and -였 (or 했) for 하다 verbs.
Usage
Used to describe actions or states that have been completed. Add -어요/습니다 endings for polite speech.
Formation Rules
- 1Stems with ㅏ/ㅗ + 았 + ending
- 2Other stems + 었 + ending
- 3하다 → 했 + ending
Tips
- 💡Vowel contraction occurs: 가다 → 갔다, 오다 → 왔다
- 💡Add polite endings: 았어요/었어요, 았습니다/었습니다
- 💡Can combine with other grammar: -았/었으면, -았/었는데
Example Sentences
어제 영화를 봤어요.
Eoje yeonghwareul bwasseoyo.
I watched a movie yesterday.
한국에 갔어요.
Hanguge gasseoyo.
I went to Korea.
아침에 커피를 마셨습니다.
Achime keopireul masyeosseumnida.
I drank coffee in the morning.
Related Patterns
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